将锁的粒度细分

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<aside> 💡 将锁的粒度细分

活跃性

死锁

如果一个线程同时需要获取多把锁,这时就容易发生死锁。

@Slf4j(topic = "c.TestDeadLock")
public class TestDeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test1();
    }

    private static void test1() {
        Object A = new Object();
        Object B = new Object();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (A) {
                log.debug("lock A");
                sleep(1);
                synchronized (B) {
                    log.debug("lock B");
                    log.debug("操作...");
                }
            }
        }, "t1");

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (B) {
                log.debug("lock B");
                sleep(0.5);
                synchronized (A) {
                    log.debug("lock A");
                    log.debug("操作...");
                }
            }
        }, "t2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

检测死锁

法一:

  1. 使用 jps 查看 Java 进程 ID
  2. 使用 jstack 获取线程转储信息,其中包括死锁的检测

法二:

  1. 打开 jconsole,可以在 线程 - 死锁 页面查看到死锁情况

哲学家就餐问题

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代码演示:

package cn.itcast.n4.deadlock.v1;

import cn.itcast.n2.util.Sleeper;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.Random;

public class TestDeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Chopstick c1 = new Chopstick("1");
        Chopstick c2 = new Chopstick("2");
        Chopstick c3 = new Chopstick("3");
        Chopstick c4 = new Chopstick("4");
        Chopstick c5 = new Chopstick("5");
        new Philosopher("苏格拉底", c1, c2).start();
        new Philosopher("柏拉图", c2, c3).start();
        new Philosopher("亚里士多德", c3, c4).start();
        new Philosopher("赫拉克利特", c4, c5).start();
        new Philosopher("阿基米德", c1, c5).start();
    }
}

@Slf4j(topic = "c.Philosopher")
class Philosopher extends Thread {
    Chopstick left;
    Chopstick right;

    public Philosopher(String name, Chopstick left, Chopstick right) {
        super(name);
        this.left = left;
        this.right = right;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            // 尝试获得左手筷子
            synchronized (left) {
                // 尝试获得右手筷子
                synchronized (right) {
                    eat();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Random random = new Random();
    private void eat() {
        log.debug("eating...");
        Sleeper.sleep(0.5);
    }
}

class Chopstick {
    String name;

    public Chopstick(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "筷子{" + name + '}';
    }
}

活锁

两个线程都在不断地运行,但是都改变了对方的终止条件,所以谁也无法结束运行(实际上开发中可能不常见)